Sinter Bearing

sinter bearing is a multi-layer bearing composed of special friction surfaces and supporting metal steel backing materials. The sintered layer is made of special copper alloy powder and graphite-based solid lubricant dispersed and sintered, and treated with oil.

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Dry Friction Mechanism

As the solid lubricant layer structure of crystalline materials are all easily within the metal matrix material between adjacent molecules to form a low shear strength of the interface, the initial friction occurs due to metal wear, solid lubricant can easily be released into the bearing surface formed with the combination of mechanical grinding parts; this layer transfer film has a high carrying capacity and low friction coefficient and can thus greatly reducing the supply of continuous extended wear life, the other in the event of damage to the transfer film can be very short period of time to repair itself, which played a maintenance role.

Features:

● Since the solid lubricant is uniformly dispersed, it can be used under friction conditions in any direction of motion, and has good fretting wear resistance;

● Can be used without oil;

● High load, excellent wear resistance, excellent speed characteristics.

● Standard products and plates of various specifications can be provided for secondary processing;

● Protected by an oil film, it has a wear-resistant effect.

● Porous structure oil storage plays a self-lubricating effect.

Performance

● The low hardness of the sintered layer is easy to absorb the hard particles in the earthwork pile construction environment so that the guide plate and the dual structural parts are not easy to rough.

● Oil film protection can also reduce noise.

● Compared with other self-lubricating materials, it can resist the eccentric wear caused by vibration.

● The material can be freely processed and cut and is not restricted by the arrangement of solid lubricants.

● Avoids heavy metal pollution caused by smelting, and at the same time reduces the use of environmentally harmful components, making it more environmentally friendly.

What Is A Sinter Bearing

#200 sinter bearing is a composite bearing composed of porous special oil-containing wear-resistant material and metal steel back. The special wear-resistant layer is made of special copper alloy powder and solid lubricant whose main component is graphite dispersed on the metal matrix and sintered at high temperature. Treated with oil; since the solid lubricant is uniformly dispersed in the alloy layer, a solid lubricating film can be formed at the beginning of sliding, this film has low shear strength, and can be firmly attached even under high static load conditions. The bearing surface is not easy to crack, so there is no creeping phenomenon under micro-movement; and the metal matrix provides high mechanical strength and dimensional stability. The result is excellent friction and wear characteristics.

OILES#2000 Sinter Bearing
OILES#2000 Sinter Bearing

China Self Lubricating Sinter Bearing Supplier

• Meet in dry friction conditions, can be maintenance-free;
• Has a high carrying capacity;
• Wide temperature range -40–+120
• You can re-radiation environment and vacuum environment;
• Material has good electrical properties, without the static phenomenon;
• You can dust conditions and corrosive environments;
• Materials as needed for re-processing.

Metallic Composite Sinter Bearing

Metal self-lubricating sinter bearings made by powder sintering process, suitable for high load or fuel can dry friction conditions required under the conditions of work; the main materials include copper, iron base and stainless steel base, but also with the use of the bearing condition, the use of temperature, load, speed, and environmental requirements can choose, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide solid lubricant such as different proportions, the solid lubricant materials uniformly distributed in the organization can continuously provide a low friction bearing surface for the material, reducing the friction coefficient and thus greatly improve bearing life, compared to more conventional powder metallurgy wear resistance and high-temperature performance.

Metallic Composite Sinter Bearing

Sinter Bearing vs. Casting Bush

Fundamental Differences in Manufacturing Processes:

Sinter Bearing
Sinter bearings are manufactured using a powder metallurgy process. Metal powders are compacted in a mold and then sintered at high temperatures (around 820°C). During sintering, metal particles bond together through solid-state diffusion, forming a structure with controllable porosity (typically 15%-25%). This porous structure can be impregnated with lubricating oil, creating a self-lubricating system for maintenance-free operation.

Casting Bush
Casting bushes are produced using traditional casting processes, where molten metal is poured into a mold and then precisely machined to achieve accurate dimensions. This method results in a dense metal structure with higher mechanical strength and load-bearing capacity.

Performance Characteristics Comparison:

To provide a more intuitive comparison of the characteristics of both technologies, please refer to the table below:

Characteristic Sinter Bearing Casting Bush
Load Capacity Medium (suitable for low-to-medium loads) High (suitable for high loads, impact loads)
Speed Adaptability Suitable for high-speed applications Suitable for low-to-medium speeds, high-load conditions
Lubrication Requirements Self-lubricating (oil-impregnated) Usually requires external lubrication
Wear Resistance Good Excellent
Cost-Effectiveness Lower cost for mass production Higher unit cost, suitable for heavy-duty applications
Impact Resistance Limited Excellent
Max PV Value Approximately 50,000 Higher than sinter bearings

When to Choose Sinter Bearing: Opt for a sinter bearing if your application involves low to moderate loads, limited maintenance access, or cost-sensitive mass production. It excels in environments where self-lubrication is a priority.

When to Choose Casting Bush: Select a casting bush for high-load, high-temperature, or abrasive conditions. Its superior strength and customization options make it a reliable choice for demanding industrial settings.

Advantages of Casting Bush

Casting bushes offer several key benefits that address client concerns about reliability and longevity:

High Load and Impact Resistance:

The greatest advantage of casting bushes lies in their exceptional mechanical strength and impact resistance. Due to their dense metal structure, they can withstand extremely high static and dynamic loads, making them particularly suitable for critical applications in heavy machinery.

In mining machinery, port equipment, and large-scale processing equipment, casting bushes can endure extreme working conditions, including impact loads, vibrations, and heavy-duty cyclic stresses. In these application scenarios, sinter bearings often cannot meet the required service life.

Customization and Complex Structure Advantages:

The casting process is more suitable for producing large and irregularly shaped components. Through centrifugal and static casting techniques, large bushes with outer diameters up to 150 inches and lengths up to 80 inches can be manufactured, weighing up to 35,000 pounds. This flexibility makes casting bushes indispensable in special applications.

Adaptability to High Temperatures and Harsh Environments:

Cast bronze bushes exhibit better performance stability in high-temperature and harsh environments. Due to their dense structure, they do not suffer from lubricant volatilization or sharp performance degradation at high temperatures. Sinter bearings, in contrast, experience significant performance reduction above 80°C.

Casting Bronze Bush Material Selection Guide

Selecting the right material for a casting bush is crucial for meeting application demands.

Comparison of Common Bronze Material Properties:

Different application scenarios require casting bronze bushes made from various materials. Below are the characteristics and application recommendations for the main materials:

  • Tin Bronze (e.g., ZCuSn10Pb1, CuSn12) is the most widely used material, featuring high hardness and excellent wear resistance, making it less prone to seizing. It boasts good casting and machining properties. It is particularly suitable for wear-resistant parts working under high loads and high sliding speeds, such as connecting rods, bushes, bearings, and gears.

  • Aluminum Bronze (e.g., QAl9-4, CuAl10Fe3) offers high strength and good wear resistance, suitable for bushes requiring high strength and wear resistance, capable of withstanding significant pressure and impact.

  • Lead Bronze, represented by ZCuPb10Sn10 and ZCuPb15Sn8, provides excellent lubricity, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, used for manufacturing sliding bearings with high surface pressure and side pressure.

  • High-Strength Brass (e.g., ZCuZn25Al6Mn3Fe3) is the strongest among special brasses, featuring high strength, hardness, wear resistance, and moderate ductility. It is used for casting high-load, wear-resistant bushes in heavy machinery.

Material Selection Reference Table:

Material Type Applicable Scenarios Advantages Unsuitable Scenarios
Tin Bronze High load, high sliding speed, corrosive environments High hardness, excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance Extremely high temperatures (>300°C)
Aluminum Bronze High impact loads, high-temperature working conditions High strength, high heat resistance Situations requiring excellent machinability
Lead Bronze High surface pressure bearings, impact-resistant parts Excellent anti-friction, anti-seizing properties Situations requiring high hardness
High-Strength Brass Heavy machinery high-load wear environments High strength, high hardness, high wear resistance Strong acid/alkali corrosive environments

Advantages and Application Scenarios of Casting Bush

Casting bushes offer several key benefits that address client concerns about reliability and longevity:

High Load and Impact Resistance:

The greatest advantage of casting bushes lies in their exceptional mechanical strength and impact resistance. Due to their dense metal structure, they can withstand extremely high static and dynamic loads, making them particularly suitable for critical applications in heavy machinery.

In mining machinery, port equipment, and large-scale processing equipment, casting bushes can endure extreme working conditions, including impact loads, vibrations, and heavy-duty cyclic stresses. In these application scenarios, sinter bearings often cannot meet the required service life.

Customization and Complex Structure Advantages:

The casting process is more suitable for producing large and irregularly shaped components. Through centrifugal and static casting techniques, large bushes with outer diameters up to 150 inches and lengths up to 80 inches can be manufactured, weighing up to 35,000 pounds. This flexibility makes casting bushes indispensable in special applications.

Adaptability to High Temperatures and Harsh Environments:

Cast bronze bushes exhibit better performance stability in high-temperature and harsh environments. Due to their dense structure, they do not suffer from lubricant volatilization or sharp performance degradation at high temperatures. Sinter bearings, in contrast, experience significant performance reduction above 80°C.

Casting Bronze Bush Material Selection Guide

Selecting the right material for a casting bush is crucial for meeting application demands.

Comparison of Common Bronze Material Properties:

Different application scenarios require casting bronze bushes made from various materials. Below are the characteristics and application recommendations for the main materials:

  • Tin Bronze (e.g., ZCuSn10Pb1, CuSn12) is the most widely used material, featuring high hardness and excellent wear resistance, making it less prone to seizing. It boasts good casting and machining properties. It is particularly suitable for wear-resistant parts working under high loads and high sliding speeds, such as connecting rods, bushes, bearings, and gears.

  • Aluminum Bronze (e.g., QAl9-4, CuAl10Fe3) offers high strength and good wear resistance, suitable for bushes requiring high strength and wear resistance, capable of withstanding significant pressure and impact.

  • Lead Bronze, represented by ZCuPb10Sn10 and ZCuPb15Sn8, provides excellent lubricity, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, used for manufacturing sliding bearings with high surface pressure and side pressure.

  • High-Strength Brass (e.g., ZCuZn25Al6Mn3Fe3) is the strongest among special brasses, featuring high strength, hardness, wear resistance, and moderate ductility. It is used for casting high-load, wear-resistant bushes in heavy machinery.

Material Selection Reference Table:

Application of Solid Lubricants in Casting Bushings

Why Solid Lubricants Are Needed in Casting Bushings

Casting bushings already offer excellent wear resistance, but certain demanding operating conditions require enhanced performance. Incorporating solid lubricants significantly improves durability and reliability in situations such as:

  • Extreme temperatures, both high and low

  • Clean or contamination-sensitive environments where oil cannot be used

  • Low-speed, high-load conditions where fluid lubrication films are difficult to maintain

  • Frequent start–stop, oscillating, or reciprocating movements

In these scenarios, solid lubricants ensure stable, long-term lubrication when traditional oils or greases fall short.

Types and Selection of Solid Lubricants

Graphite

The most widely used solid lubricant, graphite offers excellent thermal conductivity and natural self-lubricating properties. It remains stable at high temperatures and can be inserted into the bearing surface to provide long-lasting, maintenance-free lubrication.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

Known for an extremely low friction coefficient and strong chemical resistance, PTFE is ideal for corrosive working environments or industries requiring strict cleanliness, such as food processing.

Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂)

MoS₂ performs exceptionally well under high loads and extreme pressure conditions. It maintains lubrication even when subjected to heavy impact or boundary lubrication scenarios.

Methods and Advantages of Incorporating Solid Lubricants

Solid lubricants may be:

  • Embedded as plugs or inserts in the sliding surface, or

  • Uniformly dispersed in the alloy matrix during casting.

During operation, these lubricants form a protective transfer film on the friction surface, reducing direct metal-to-metal contact.

Key Benefits

  • Lower friction and wear, significantly extending the life of the bushing and mating shaft

  • Emergency lubrication, providing protection when traditional lubrication fails

  • Wider application range, enabling use in harsh or oil-free environments

  • Reduced maintenance, with longer intervals between lubrication servicing

Application Areas and Service Life Enhancement Strategies

Typical Application Areas

Crushing Equipment (Eccentric and Movable Cone Bushings)

Tin bronze and aluminum bronze casting bushings are commonly used due to their ability to withstand heavy impact and sliding friction. Proper lubrication and material selection can extend service life by over 30%.

Hydraulic Systems (Piston Rod and Slewing Points)

Casting bushings resist vibration and impact loads effectively. The addition of solid lubricants helps maintain lubrication during severe operating conditions or in case of oil starvation.

Port Machinery (Slewing Bearings and Boom Connections)

These components endure heavy loads and are difficult to maintain. High-strength casting bushings combined with solid lubricant inserts provide reliable long-term performance.

Strategies for Extending Bushing Service Life

  • Accurate Installation
    Ensure precise fit and alignment to prevent uneven load distribution.

  • Appropriate Lubrication Practices
    Even self-lubricating bushings can benefit from supplementary lubrication when allowed.

  • Mating Surface Treatment
    Techniques such as quenching or chrome plating can increase shaft hardness and reduce wear.

  • Routine Inspection and Monitoring
    Early detection of wear ensures timely maintenance and prevents unexpected failures.

  • Condition-Based Material Selection
    Choose the right alloy and lubrication method based on actual load, operating speed, and environmental conditions.

Sinter Bearing
Steel Backed Sintered Bearing

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Specifications
Lubrication condition Dry Periodic lubrication
Service temperature range 40 to 120℃
Allowable maximum contact pressure: P
Dynamic: 24.5 N/mm2
Static: 73.5 N/mm2
Dynamic: 49.0 N/mm2
Static: 73.5 N/mm2
Allowable maximum sliding velocity: V 0.50 m/sec 1.00 m/sec
Allowable maximum PV value 1.63 N/mm2・m/sec 2.45 N/mm2・m/sec

Other Based Material Composition And properties Of The Table

Material grades Copper Iron-based Nickel-based
FRB85HB1 FRB85HB2 FRB85HB11 FRB85HB12 FRB85HF14 FRB85HF18 FRB85HN22 FRB85HN23
CuSn
8613/6-1		 CuSn
8613/12-1		 CuSnPb
8313/6-1		 CuSnPb
8413/8-1		 FeNiCu
8310/8-3		 FeCu
9404/8-2		 NiFeCu
6033/10-2		 FeCrNi
7218/20
Density g/cm3 6.8 6 7.2 5.8 6 5.9 6 5.8
Hardness HB ≥40 ≥50 ≥50 ≥50 ≥80 ≥50 ≥45 ≥55
Compressive trength Mpa 300 180 380 250 550 180 240 180
Maximum static load Mpa 100 50 100 50 100 80 100 100
Maximum dynamic load Mpa 50 25 50 25 50 40 50 50
Maximum line speed m/min 15 20 15 15 10 10 20 10
Max PV N/mm²*m/min 60 60 60 60 48 48 36 30
emperature ℃ -50~+150 -50~+150 -50~+150 -50~+150 0~+600 0~+450 -200~+650 -100~+750
Friction factor μ 0.12~0.18 0.10~0.15 0.15~0.22 0.12~0.18 0.30~0.45 0.30~0.45 0.25~0.40 0.35~0.50
Coefficient of linear expansion 10-6/K 18 18 18 18 13 13 12 18

Solid lubricant

Material Graphite MoS2 WS2
Crystal structure Hexagon Hexagon Hexagon
Proportion 2.25 4.7 7.5
Friction factor in the air 0.1~0.18 0.08~0.12 0.09~0.17
Temperature ℃ -120℃~+600℃ -100℃~+400℃ -180℃~+600℃
Chemical resistance Well Well Well
Corrosion resistance Well Difference Difference
Resistant to nuclear radiation Well Well Well
Use in the air Well Well Well
In water use Well Difference Difference
Use in a vacuum Difference Well Well

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